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HTML Cheat Sheet

This cheat sheet – or HTML code quick reference – lists the common HTML tags and their attributes, grouped into relevant sections in an easy-to-read format.

<html>
 <head>
  <title>website title</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  content of website ...
 </body>
</html>
Common Tags for Blogs
<h?> heading </h?> Heading (h1 for largest to h6 for smallest)
<p> paragraph </p> Paragraph of Text
<b> bold </b> Make text between tags bold
<i> italic </i> Make text between tags italic
<a href=”url“> link name </a> Create a link to another page or website
<div> … </div> Divide up page content into sections, and applying styles
<img src=”filename.jpg“> Show an image
<ul> <li> list </li> </ul> Unordered, bullet-point list
<br> Line Break (force a new line)
<span style=”color:red”> red </span> Use CSS style to change text colour
Text Formatting
<h?> … </h?> Heading (?= 1 for largest to 6 for smallest, eg h1)
<b> … </b> Bold Text
<i> … </i> Italic Text
<u> … </u> Underline Text
<strike> … </strike> Strikeout
<sup> … </sup> Superscript – Smaller text placed below normal text
<sub> … </sub> Subscript – Smaller text placed below normal text
<small> … </small> Small – Fineprint size text
<tt> … </tt> Typewriter Text
<pre> … </pre> Pre-formatted Text
<blockquote> … </blockquote> Text Block Quote
<strong> … </strong> Strong – Shown as Bold in most browsers
<em> … </em> Emphasis – Shown as Italics in most browsers
<font> … </font> Font tag obsolete, use CSS. (*)
Section Divisions
<div> … </div> Division or Section of Page Content
<span> … </span> Section of text within other content
<p> … </p> Paragraph of Text
<br> Line Break
<hr> Basic Horizontal Line
<hr> Tag Attributes:
size=”?” Line Thickness in pixels
width=”?” Line Width in pixels
width=”??%” Line Width as a percentage
color=”#??????” Line Colour (*)
align=”?” Horizontal Alignment: left, center, right (*)
noshade No 3D cut-out
<nobr> … </nobr> Line Break
Images
<img src=”url” alt=”text“> Basic Image
<img> Tag Attributes:
src=”url“ URL or filename of image (required!)
alt=”text“ Alternate Text (required!)
align=”?” Image alignment within surrounding text (*)
width=”??” Image width (in pixels or %)
height=”??” Image height (in pixels or %)
border=”??” Border thickness (in pixels) (*)
vspace=”??” Space above and below image (in pixels) (*)
hspace=”??” Space on either side of image (in pixels) (*)
Linking Tags
<a href=”url“> link text </a> Basic Link
<a> Tag Attributes:
href=”url“ Location (url) of page to link to.
name=”??” Name of link (name of anchor, or name of bookmark)
target=”?” Link target location: _self, _blank, _top, _parent.
href=”url#bookmark“ Link to a bookmark (defined with name attribute).
href=”mailto:email“ Link which initiates an email (dependant on user’s email client).
Lists
<ol> … </ol> Ordered List
<ul> … </ul> Un-ordered List
<li> … </li> List Item (within ordered or unordered)
<ol type=”?“> Ordered list type: A, a, I, i, 1
<ol start=”??”> Ordered list starting value
<ul type=”?“> Unordered list bullet type: disc, circle, square
<li value=”??”> List Item Value (changes current and subsequent items)
<li type=”??”> List Item Type (changes only current item)
<dl> … </dl> Definition List
<dt> … </dt> Term or phrase being defined
<dd> … </dd> Detailed Definition of term
Tables
<table> … </table> Define a Table
<table> Tag Attributes:
border=”?” Thickness of outside border
bordercolor=”#??????” Border Colour
cellspacing=”?” Space between cells (pixels)
cellpadding=”?” Space between cell wall and content
align=”??” Horizontal Alignment: left, center, right (*)
bgcolor=”#??????” Background Colour (*)
width=”??” Table Width (pixels or %) (*)
height=”??” Table Height (pixels or %) (*)
<tr> … </tr> Table Row within table
<th> … </th> Header Cell within table row
<td> … </td> Table Cell within table row
<td> Tag Attributes:
colspan=”?” Number of columns the cell spans across (cell merge)
rowspan=”?” Number of row a cell spans across (cell merge)
width=”??” Cell Width (pixels or %) (*)
height=”??” Cell Height (pixels or %) (*)
bgcolor=”#??????” Background Colour (*)
align=”??” Horizontal Alignment: left, center, right (*)
valign=”??” Vertical Alignment: top, middle, bottom (*)
nowrap Force no line breaks in a particular cell
Frames
<frameset> … </frameset> Define the set of Frames
<frameset> Tag Attributes:
rows=”??,??, …” Define row sizes & number of rows (size in pixels or %)
cols=”??,??, …” Define column sizes & number of columns (size in pixels or %)
noresize=”noresize” User cannot resize any frames in frameset
<frame> … </frame> Define a frame within the frameset
<frame> Tag Attributes:
src=”url” Location of HTML File for a frame
name=”***” Unique name of frame window
marginwidth=”?” Horizontal margin spacing inside frame (pixels)
marginheight=”?” Vertical margin spacing inside frame (pixels)
noresize=”noresize” Declare all frameset sizes as fixed
scrolling=”***” Can the user scroll inside the frame: yes, no, auto
frameborder=”?” Frame Border: (1=yes, 2=no)
bordercolor=”#??????” Border Colour (*)
<noframes> … </noframes> Unframed content (for browsers not supporting frames)
Forms
<form> … </form> Form input group decleration
<form> Tag Attributes:
action=”url” URL of Form Script
method=”***” Method of Form: get, post
enctype=”***” For File Upload: enctype="multipart/form-data"
<input> … </input> Input field within form
<input> Tag Attributes:
type=”***” Input Field Type: text, password, checkbox, submit etc.
name=”***” Form Field Name (for form processing script)
value=”***” Value of Input Field
size=”***” Field Size
maxlength=”?” Maximum Length of Input Field Data
checked Mark selected field in radio button group or checkbox
<select> … </select> Select options from drop down list
<select> Tag Attributes:
name=”***” Drop Down Combo-Box Name (for form processing script)
size=”?” Number of selectable options
multiple Allow multiple selections
<option> … </option> Option (item) within drop down list
<option> Tag Attributes:
value=”***” Option Value
selected Set option as default selected option
<textarea> … </textarea> Large area for text input
<textarea> Tag Attributes:
name=”***” Text Area Name (for form processing script)
rows=”?” Number of rows of text shown
cols=”?” Number of columns (characters per rows)
wrap=”***” Word Wrapping: off, hard, soft
Special Characters
&lt; < – Less-Than Symbol
&gt; > – Greater-Than Symbol
&amp; & – Ampersand, or ‘and’ sign
&quot; “ – Quotation Mark
&copy; © – Copyright Symbol
&trade; ™ – Trademark Symbol
&nbsp;   – A space (non-breaking space)
&#??; ISO 8859-1 character – replace ?? with the iso code
Miscellaneous Tags
<!– … –> Comment within HTML source code
<!DOCTYPE html … > Document Type Definition (wiki)
<meta> … </meta> META information tag
<meta> Tag Attributes:
name=”***” Meta name: description, keywords, author
http-equiv=”***” HTTP Equivalent Info: title, etc.
content=”***” Information content
<link> LINK content relationship tag
<link> Tag Attributes:
rel=”***” Type of forward relationship
http=”url“ Location (URL) of object or file being linked
type=”***” Type of object or file, eg: text/css
title=”***” Link title (optional)
Body Background & Colours
background=”url“ Background Image (*)
bgcolor=”#??????” Background Colour (*)
text=”#??????” Document Text Colour (*)
link=”#??????” Link Colour (*)
vlink=”#??????” Visited Link Colour (*)
alink=”#??????” Active Link Colour (*)
bgproperties=”fixed” Background Properties – “Fixed” = non-scrolling watermark (*)
leftmargin=”?” Side Margin Size in Pixels (Internet Explorer) (*)
topmargin=”?” Top Margin Size in Pixels (Internet Explorer) (*)

(*) Important Note:

Tags marked with (*) should still work, but have been superseded by Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), which is now the recommended way to change the font, colour, spacing, border or alignment of HTML elements.

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